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Whitebeam

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Whitebeam
Common whitebeam flowers
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Subtribe: Malinae
Genus: Aria
(Pers.) J.Jacq. ex Host
Synonyms
  • Torminaria (DC.) M.Roem.

The whitebeams are members of the family Rosaceae, comprising a number of deciduous simple or lobe-leaved species formerly lumped together within Sorbus s.l. Many whitebeams are the result of extensive intergeneric hybridisation involving the genera Sorbus (Sorbus aucuparia in particular), Aria, Torminalis and Chamaemespilus. As an effect, they are commonly apomicts (reproducing solely asexually) and many have very restricted ranges. The best known species is the common whitebeam (Aria edulis), a columnar tree which grows to 25 m (82 ft) tall by 10 m (33 ft) broad, with clusters of white flowers in spring followed by speckled red berries in autumn (fall).[1]

Appearance

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The surface of the leaf is an unremarkable mid-green, but the underside is almost white (hence the name) transforming the appearance of the tree in strong winds, as noted by the poet Meredith: "flashing as in gusts the sudden-lighted whitebeam".[2] It is also described as the "wind-beat whitebeam" in Gerard Manley Hopkins' poem "The Starlight Night".[3]

Ecology

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The berries are a favourite of birds, though less palatable (drier, less juicy) than rowan berries. Whitebeams are sometimes used as larval food plants by species of Lepidoptera, including the short-cloaked moth.[citation needed]

Uses

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Cross-section of a whitebeam trunk

These trees are often grown in parks and large gardens. The cultivars A. edulis 'Lutescens'[4] and A. edulis 'Majestica' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[5]

The tough, hard wood is a deep orange when wet, and pale yellow after drying.[citation needed]

The fruit is edible, but only when nearly rotten.[6]

Taxonomy

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The following species are recognised in the genus Aria:[7]

References

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  1. ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  2. ^ Meredith, G. (1851). Love in the valley. Line 207. Poems
  3. ^ Hopkins, Gerar Manley (1918). The starlight night. Line 6.
  4. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Sorbus aria 'Lutescens'". Retrieved 4 June 2013.
  5. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Sorbus aria 'Majestica'". Retrieved 4 June 2013.
  6. ^ Trust, Woodland. "Whitebeam (Sorbus aria) - British Trees". Woodland Trust. Retrieved 2024-07-11.
  7. ^ "Aria (Pers.) J.Jacq. ex Host | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
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